Biography of Mary Custis Lee, Gen. Robert E. Lees Wife

Mary Anna Randolph Custis Lee  (October 1, 1808–November 5, 1873) was the  great-granddaughter of Martha Washington  and  the wife of Robert E. Lee. She played a part in the American Civil War, and her family legacy home became the site of Arlington National Cemetery. Fast Facts: Mary Custis Lee Known For: Wife of Civil War general Robert E. Lee and great-granddaughter of Martha WashingtonAlso Known As: Mary Anna Randolph Custis Lee  Born: October 1, 1807 in Annefield  in  Boyce, VirginiaParents: George Washington Parke Custis, Mary Lee Fitzhugh CustisDied: November 5, 1873 in Lexington, VirginiaPublished Works: Recollections and Private Memoirs of Washington, by his Adopted Son George Washington Parke Custis, with a Memoir of this Author by his Daughter (edited and published)Spouse: Robert E. Lee (m.  1831–October. 12, 1870)Children: George Washington Custis, William Henry Fitzhugh, Robert E. Lee Jr., Eleanor Agnes, Anne Carter, Mildred Childe, Mary CustisNotable Quote: â€Å"I rode out to my dear old home, so changed it seemed but as a dream of the past. I could not have realized that it was Arlington but for the few old oaks they had spared, the trees planted on the lawn by the Gen’l myself which are raising their tall branches to the Heaven which seems to smile on the desecration around them.† Early Years Marys father George Washington Parke Custis was the adopted son and the step-grandson of George Washington. Mary was his only surviving child, and thus his heir. Educated at home, Mary showed talent in painting. She was courted by many men including Sam Houston but rejected his suit. She accepted the proposal of marriage in 1830 from Robert E. Lee, a distant relative shed known from childhood, after his graduation from West Point. (They had common ancestors Robert Carter I, Richard Lee II and William Randolph, making them respectively third cousins, third cousins once removed, and fourth cousins.) They were married in the parlor at her family home, Arlington House, on June 30, 1831. Highly religious from a young age, Mary Custis Lee was often troubled by illness. As the wife of a military officer, she traveled with him, though she was most happy at her family home in Arlington, Virginia. Eventually, the Lees had seven children, with Mary often suffering from illness and various disabilities including rheumatoid arthritis. She was known as a hostess and for her painting and gardening. When her husband went to Washington, she preferred to remain at home. She avoided Washingtons social circles but was avidly interested in politics and discussed matters with her father and later her husband. The Lee family enslaved many people of African descent. Mary assumed that eventually theyd all be freed, and taught the women to read, write, and sew so that they could support themselves after emancipation. Civil War When Virginia joined the Confederate States of America at the beginning of the Civil War, Robert E. Lee resigned his commission with the federal army and accepted a commission in the army of Virginia. With some delay, Mary Custis Lee, whose illness confined her much of the time to a wheelchair, was convinced to pack up many of the familys belongings and move out of the home at Arlington because its nearness to Washington, D.C., would make it a target for confiscation by the Union forces. And thats what happened, for failure to pay taxes—though an attempt to pay the taxes was apparently refused. She spent many years after the war ended trying to regain possession of her Arlington home: Poor Virginia is being pressed on every side, yet I trust God will yet deliver us. I do not allow myself to think of my dear old home. Would that it had been razed to the ground or submerged in the Potomac rather than have fallen into such hands. From Richmond where she spent much of the war, Mary and her daughters knitted socks and sent them to her husband to distribute to soldiers in the Confederate Army. Later Years and Death Robert returned after the surrender of the Confederacy, and Mary moved with Robert to Lexington, Virginia, where he became president of Washington College (later renamed Washington and Lee University). During the war, many of the family possessions inherited from the Washingtons were buried for safety. After the war, many were found to have been damaged, but some—the silver, some carpets, some letters among them—survived. Those that had been left in the Arlington home were declared by Congress to be the property of the American people. Neither Robert E. Lee nor Mary Custis Lee survived many years after the end of the Civil War. He died in 1870. Arthritis plagued Mary Custis Lee in her later years, and she died in Lexington on Nov. 5, 1873—after making one trip to see her old Arlington home. In 1882, the U.S. Supreme Court in a ruling returned the home to the family;  Mary and Roberts son Custis sold it right  back to the government. Mary Custis Lee is buried with her husband on the Washington and Lee University campus in Lexington, Virginia. Sources â€Å"The Life of Mary Custis Lee.†Ã‚  EHISTORY.â€Å"Mary Anna Randolph Custis Lee.†Ã‚  National Parks Service, U.S. Department of the Interior.Pryor, Elizabeth Brown. â€Å"Mary Randolph Custis Lee (1807–1873).†Ã‚  Lee, Mary Randolph Custis (1807–1873), Encyclopediavirginia.org.

Improving Access. I Will Examine Two Of The Most Prominent

Improving Access: I will examine two of the most prominent methods for improving access: universal early childhood education and equivalency/second chance programs for adults. One of the other prominent methods is improving access through information and communication technologies (ICTs). This is a popular idea as remote areas often lack formal and non-formal literacy programs. In these situations, education through technology like television, radio, and the internet is believed to be able to play an important role in improving access. However, recent research has shown that ICTs should not be the sole means of literacy learning as many countries lack the necessary infrastructure and would be better off funding schools and teachers.†¦show more content†¦The success of MENA countries clearly shows that investing in early childhood education is an effective and efficient method of improving literacy. Moreover, Hanemann (2006) found that increased funding on primary education resulting from UN M illennium Development Goals has increased global attendance and eliminated the gender gap. However, there are limits to the reach and timeliness of early childhood education. First, children in the poorest quintile are still three times as likely to be out of school than those in the richest quintile (Richmond, 2008). Research has shown that access itself is not a guarantee of literacy. Completion of five to six years is a critical threshold for mastery of basic competencies such as literacy. However, the poor are often unable to attend for this length of time for various reasons, leading to completion rates 10-60% below enrollment rates (The Global Challenge of Education for All, 2002). On top of this, by definition, early childhood education cannot reach the 800 million illiterate adults. As a result, the best case scenario of funding universal childhood education will not eliminate illiteracy for a couple of generations. Moreover, to achieve universal primary education requires programs to work with local governments as they are the main providers of education. The governments will always be happy to take additional funding, but the programs then loseShow MoreRelatedThe Impact Of Globalization On The Economy978 Words   |  4 PagesIn today’s world, with a few notable exceptions, nearly everyone in every region of the world has access to the same products, information and services. A long-distance relationship is no longer so distant, since each party involved in the relationship can communicate through Skype, Facebook or through any of the vast amount of social media available. A person in Easter Island, one of the most remote inhabited islands in the world, can go to the other side of the world and travel to Canada. 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Korean confucianism Free Essays

Confucianism is defined as â€Å"an intellectual, political, and religious tradition, or school of though, that developed a distinct identity in the 5th Century BC from the teachings of Chinese philosopher Confucius† (â€Å"Confucianism,† 2005). It began in China and is now widely accepted in different parts of Asia such as Korea, Japan, and Vietnam (â€Å"Confucianism,† 2005). There are five moral disciplines which are given to govern the five human relationships. We will write a custom essay sample on Korean confucianism or any similar topic only for you Order Now They are as follows: (a) Justice and righteousness should mark the relations between sovereign and subject; (b) There should be proper rapport between father and son; (c) Separation of function between husband and wife; (d) The younger should give precedence to the elder; and (e) Faith and trust should reign over relationships between friends (â€Å"Korean Confucianism,† n.d.). Confucianism has pervaded Korea and the country has been labeled as one of the most dedicated followers despite the fact that it started in China (â€Å"Korean Confucianism,† n.d.). In line with the foregoing statement, it is not surprising that I adhere and respect the teachings of Korean Confucianism. However, it is to be noted that modernity has also swept over the country of Korea and has changed some aspects of the people’s adherence to Confucianism. I carry with me the value and respect for the government as the authority that has the power over the country. That is the reason why I abide by the rule of law and the policies and decisions made by the government. Moreover, I respect the relationship between the younger and the elder together with the responsibilities that comes with it. For the elders, I give them due respect and for the younger, I carry authority and responsibility over them. I see to it that generations before me and my ancestors are given respect both living and dead. In addition to this, the closeness of the family and the respect for the relationships of one another is always borne in my mind and in my heart. References â€Å"Confucianism.† Microsoft ® Encarta ® 2006 [CD]. Redmond, WA: Microsoft Corporation, 2005.    How to cite Korean confucianism, Essay examples